1. Which of the following is the major pest of sorghum?
a) Stem borer
b) Root grub
c) Aphids
d) Pod borer
Answer: a) Stem borer
2. The shoot fly attacking sorghum is scientifically known as:
a) Atherigona soccata
b) Chilo partellus
c) Pyrilla perpusilla
d) Spodoptera litura
Answer: a) Atherigona soccata
3. What is the critical stage of sorghum affected by shoot fly?
a) Germination stage
b) Seedling stage
c) Flowering stage
d) Maturity stage
Answer: b) Seedling stage
4. Deadheart in sorghum is caused by:
a) Stem borer
b) Shoot fly
c) Aphids
d) Cutworm
Answer: b) Shoot fly
5. The stem borer damaging sorghum is scientifically called:
a) Spodoptera litura
b) Chilo partellus
c) Helicoverpa armigera
d) Atherigona soccata
Answer: b) Chilo partellus
6. Which of the following pest affects the panicle of sorghum?
a) Shoot fly
b) Grain midge
c) Stem borer
d) Root grub
Answer: b) Grain midge
7. The sorghum midge is scientifically known as:
a) Stenodiplosis sorghicola
b) Pyrilla perpusilla
c) Chilo partellus
d) Atherigona soccata
Answer: a) Stenodiplosis sorghicola
8. Which pest causes "silver shoot" in sorghum?
a) Stem borer
b) Grain midge
c) Root grub
d) Shoot fly
Answer: b) Grain midge
9. Aphids on sorghum are considered:
a) Major pests
b) Minor pests
c) Natural enemies
d) Soil pests
Answer: b) Minor pests
10. Spodoptera litura is commonly known as:
a) Stem borer
b) Armyworm
c) Aphid
d) Grain midge
Answer: b) Armyworm
11. Which pest of sorghum has a characteristic zigzag egg-laying pattern?
a) Shoot fly
b) Stem borer
c) Sorghum midge
d) Grasshopper
Answer: b) Stem borer
12. Which stage of sorghum is most vulnerable to grain midge attack?
a) Vegetative stage
b) Panicle initiation stage
c) Grain-filling stage
d) Maturity stage
Answer: b) Panicle initiation stage
13. What is the primary symptom of shoot fly infestation in sorghum?
a) Leaf rolling
b) Deadheart formation
c) Panicle shredding
d) Silver shoot
Answer: b) Deadheart formation
14. Sorghum root grubs mainly feed on:
a) Leaves
b) Stems
c) Roots
d) Grains
Answer: c) Roots
15. Which natural predator is effective against sorghum aphids?
a) Ladybird beetle
b) Ants
c) Spiders
d) Wasps
Answer: a) Ladybird beetle
16. Which of the following management strategies is effective against shoot fly in sorghum?
a) Late sowing
b) Early sowing
c) Heavy irrigation
d) No tillage
Answer: b) Early sowing
17. Yellowing of sorghum leaves is caused by:
a) Aphids
b) Stem borers
c) Shoot fly
d) Grain midge
Answer: a) Aphids
18. Which stage of sorghum does Chilo partellus attack the most?
a) Seedling stage
b) Vegetative stage
c) Flowering stage
d) Maturity stage
Answer: b) Vegetative stage
19. What kind of damage is caused by head bugs in sorghum?
a) Stalk tunneling
b) Leaf discoloration
c) Grain shriveling
d) Root cutting
Answer: c) Grain shriveling
20. The scientific name of sorghum armyworm is:
a) Mythimna separata
b) Spodoptera litura
c) Helicoverpa armigera
d) Atherigona soccata
Answer: a) Mythimna separata
21. How can sorghum shoot fly be controlled biologically?
a) Using neem oil
b) Releasing Trichogramma
c) Releasing Chrysoperla
d) Applying pheromone traps
Answer: b) Releasing Trichogramma
22. What is the incubation period of shoot fly eggs?
a) 1-2 days
b) 3-4 days
c) 5-6 days
d) 7-8 days
Answer: a) 1-2 days
23. The sorghum midge larva feeds on:
a) Leaves
b) Stems
c) Developing grains
d) Roots
Answer: c) Developing grains
24. Which of the following cultural practices reduces stem borer infestation in sorghum?
a) Late planting
b) High plant density
c) Crop rotation
d) Waterlogging
Answer: c) Crop rotation
25. Head bugs in sorghum are scientifically known as:
a) Calocoris angustatus
b) Nephotettix virescens
c) Blissus leucopterus
d) Stenodiplosis sorghicola
Answer: a) Calocoris angustatus
26. Larvae of Chilo partellus primarily feed on:
a) Leaf whorls
b) Roots
c) Grains
d) Panicle
Answer: a) Leaf whorls
27. Which chemical insecticide is commonly used against sorghum shoot fly?
a) Carbaryl
b) Imidacloprid
c) Chlorpyrifos
d) Monocrotophos
Answer: d) Monocrotophos
28. Symptoms of sorghum midge damage include:
a) Honeydew secretion
b) Grain discoloration
c) Empty grains
d) Deadheart formation
Answer: c) Empty grains
29. How does grain midge overwinter?
a) As eggs in soil
b) As larvae in grains
c) As pupae in plant debris
d) As adults in grasslands
Answer: c) As pupae in plant debris
30. What is the lifespan of an adult sorghum midge?
a) 2-3 hours
b) 1-2 days
c) 3-4 days
d) 5-6 days
Answer: b) 1-2 days
